Elastic and Inelastic Traffic Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Elastic and Inelastic Traffic - Assignment Example This project is hence aimed at addressing these issues and affirming a corrective architecture to be implemented. 1.1. Objectives Considering the predefined network conditions, the restructuring of the network architecture is aimed at achieving the organization’s strategized objectives of enhanced performance, scalability and agility, increased flexibility to offer support to the various services and devices, high levels of security measures in place, redundancy and higher availability rates, ease of network manageability, lower OPEX and CAPEX, and finally to ensure long term viability of the whole network topology and its interconnected devices. 2. Current functional problems and there proposed solutions As highlighted in the overview, functional problems have been identified and below are discussions of the impact to the organization and consequent corrective measures that need to be taken by the organization to restore its operation to normalcy. 2.1. Throughput The likely c auses of throughput over this network structure under scrutiny may be due to the high number of users (1000 employees) as compared to the type of server installed; the prevailed bottleneck speed; kinds of services being accessed by the staff members; the amount of cache and proxy server usage; efficiency involved in the media access control layer; the type and amount of noise within the transmission lines and errors on the cable plant; and the resultant tweaking of the operating system if any. Initiatives of this project therefore are to come up with solutions aimed at optimizing throughput, availability and inherent limitations that hinder the protocol performances with corrective measures to these limitations. Besides, WAN Accelerators can be used through its direct installation into the architecture accelerate the transmission speeds. 2.2. Packet loss Packet loss affects throughput for the TCP streams at high-speed i.e. those associated with multi-media and data replication. For improvements on this, Forward Error Correction (FEC) will be used in the new network architecture to effectively mitigate the negative impacts of packet loss to the organization (Teruko M., Harumoto F. and Satoshi O., 1999). Additionally, FEC has the effect of introducing overhead which also reduces throughput. Through the use of FEC algorithm that adapts to data loss, the algorithm begins to carry extra packets once it detects packet loss and increases with an increase in the amount of loss (Jean-Chrysotome Bolot., 1993). 3. Architecture The intended network architecture that is designed to replace the current protocol will be the Domain Name Server architecture, which is an internet service that converts domain names in the form of IP address to alphabets for ease of remembrance and classification (Radia P., 1999). The need to shift to this particular type of server was driven by the facts that include DNSs’ improved mechanisms aimed at providing intense network security ag ainst attacks; automatic and periodic check of possible errors that may tamper with the network systems’ mode of operations; it is relatively easy to use; its high flexibility in that a single DNS server is capable of managing multiple internet sub-domains and domains within a network structure; it is consistent in its techniques of naming structure for both internal and external

Death Penalty Essay Example for Free

Death Penalty Essay Should be Abolished from our Judicial System Fagan, Jeffrey A. Capital Punishment: Deterrent Effects Capital Costs. www. law. columbia. edu/law-school/communications/reports. Summer 2006. Web. 06 April 2011. The article shows that the states are broken, and the money that we are spending on trials to punish criminals to death penalty should be used in prevention. If you compare the costs of the process and the effects, USA should abolish the death penalty from our Judicial System. It is an excellent article, with detailed information and written y someone who has done many research about capital punishment. It will be very helpful to back up my thesis. Stamper, Norm. A Former Cop Speaks out Against the Death Penalty. www. deathpenalty. org/article. php. 17 Nov 2007. Web 04/02/2011. The article describes an experience of a former cop, who worked for 29 years at San Diego Police Department. In his opinion death penalty is a waste of money, and fails terribly to reduce crime. He feels like we are better off spending the money and resources on programs such as mental health care, drugs and alcohol treatment, after school programs and education. The article is very interesting and comes from a reliable source. He makes very good points on why we should abolish the death penalty. Death Penalty Information Center: Facts about the Death Penalty. www. deathpenaltyinfo. org. 1 April 2011. Web 04/04/2011 This is a complete and updated article about death penalty. It shows all the details and statistics about the number of defendants who were executed and their race, number of victims in death penalty cases and their races, and number of death row exonerations by state. Definitely, I will use this article on my essay because the information will ake my argument stronger, and it comes from a reliable source. Bedau, Hugo, and Paul Cassel. Debate the Death Penalty: Should America Have Capital Punishment? The experts on Both Sides Make Their Best Case. New York: Oxford University Press 2004. In this book, the author and other experts debate several questions about death penalty. It provides insights on advantages and disadvantages of death penalty, and opinions come from people with different ways of thinking. This book will be helpful because it has credible information, and the author is an expert on the subject of death penalty. Some chapter will serve as a counter argument to my thesis. Amnesty USA. Death Penalty and Innocence. http://www. amnestyusa. org/deathpenalty-facts/death-penalty-and-innocence. Web. 04 April 2011. The article shows how the governor, George Ryan, of Illinois feels about the death penalty. He can not support it because the system is full of errors and he is not sure that everyone sent to death row is guilt. He does not want to see the state taking an innocent life. The article is full of good information, with facts, and many details about the number of innocent people that has been released from death row. The article will be helpful because it is based on statistics, data, and full of facts. Folduary, Fred. Abolish the Death Penalty. Editorial. The Progress Report. 2000 www. progress. org. Web. 04 April 2011. The article shows that there are four justifications for capital punishment: protection of society, reform and rehabilitate the criminal, deterrence, restitution of the damage. Punishing the criminal to death penalty will not solve any of these problems. It is a well written article, based on researches and statistics. To make my essay stronger, with valid points, I will use some quotations from this article.

Antony and Cleopatra Essay examples -- Antony and Cleopatra

As a onetime outpost of Rome, England was greatly influenced by Roman genealogy-ancestors that were god-like (Mars), superhuman (Hercules), fearless warriors (Pompey) who flourished in a patriarchal society (ancient 4). I would like to discuss how Shakespeare uses these characteristics in his Roman tragedy Antony and Cleopatra, as a means to express sixteenth century England's cultural upheavals, one of which was the transformation of masculinity defined in terms of power to masculinity rooted in humanism. Traditionally, the monarch of a country is the "head of the nobility"(Giddens 2) and skilled in weaponry so as to fight side by side with his soldiers. Queen Elizabeth shattered this tradition with her femininity and physical inability to fight a war. As Eugene Giddens points out, Elizabeth was viewed as "conflict-shy". Because she did not "enter war lightly", a great anxiety arose within the military and the English nobility. After all, their major source of honors and promotion in the monarch's court--great military feats--was constricted by the lack of war (Giddens 2). Shakespeare's emphasis on Rome's martial society in Antony and Cleopatra addresses the importance that a martial society held for men in England during Elizabeth's reign. Military prowess defined masculinity by power and honor. Giddens highlights a Francis Bacon quote from "Of the True Greatness of Kingdoms and Estates" in which Bacon writes "No body can be healthful without exercise, neither natural body nor politic: and certainly to a kingdom or estate, a just and honourable war is the true exercise . . . for in a slothful peace, both courages will effeminate and manners corrupt" (Giddens 13). Note the same sentiment for the relationship between war, ... ...age and Literature 15 (1990): 79-107. Carducci, Jane S. â€Å"Brutus, Cassius, and Caesar in Shakespeare’s Julius Caesar; Language and the Roman Male.† Language and Literature 13 (1988): 1-19. Giddens, Eugene. â€Å"Honourable Men: Militancy and Masculinity in Julius Caesar.† Renaissance Forum 5.2 (2001): 34 pars. 6 Oct. 2006. http://www.hull.ac.uk/renforum/v5no2/giddens.htm Shakespeare, William. â€Å" Antony and Cleopatra† The Necessary Shakespeare Second Edition. Ed. David Bevington. New York: Pearson Longman, 2005. 752-800. Vaught, Jennifer. â€Å"Masculinity and Affect in Shakespeare’s Winter’s Tale: Men of Feeling from the Renaissance through the Enlightenment.† 1650-1850: Ideas, Aesthetics, and Inquiries in the Early Modern Era 10 (2004): 305-325. Wofford, Susanne L. ed. Shakespeare’s Late Tragedies A Collection of Critical Essays. New Jersey: Prentice Hall. 1996. Antony and Cleopatra Essay examples -- Antony and Cleopatra As a onetime outpost of Rome, England was greatly influenced by Roman genealogy-ancestors that were god-like (Mars), superhuman (Hercules), fearless warriors (Pompey) who flourished in a patriarchal society (ancient 4). I would like to discuss how Shakespeare uses these characteristics in his Roman tragedy Antony and Cleopatra, as a means to express sixteenth century England's cultural upheavals, one of which was the transformation of masculinity defined in terms of power to masculinity rooted in humanism. Traditionally, the monarch of a country is the "head of the nobility"(Giddens 2) and skilled in weaponry so as to fight side by side with his soldiers. Queen Elizabeth shattered this tradition with her femininity and physical inability to fight a war. As Eugene Giddens points out, Elizabeth was viewed as "conflict-shy". Because she did not "enter war lightly", a great anxiety arose within the military and the English nobility. After all, their major source of honors and promotion in the monarch's court--great military feats--was constricted by the lack of war (Giddens 2). Shakespeare's emphasis on Rome's martial society in Antony and Cleopatra addresses the importance that a martial society held for men in England during Elizabeth's reign. Military prowess defined masculinity by power and honor. Giddens highlights a Francis Bacon quote from "Of the True Greatness of Kingdoms and Estates" in which Bacon writes "No body can be healthful without exercise, neither natural body nor politic: and certainly to a kingdom or estate, a just and honourable war is the true exercise . . . for in a slothful peace, both courages will effeminate and manners corrupt" (Giddens 13). Note the same sentiment for the relationship between war, ... ...age and Literature 15 (1990): 79-107. Carducci, Jane S. â€Å"Brutus, Cassius, and Caesar in Shakespeare’s Julius Caesar; Language and the Roman Male.† Language and Literature 13 (1988): 1-19. Giddens, Eugene. â€Å"Honourable Men: Militancy and Masculinity in Julius Caesar.† Renaissance Forum 5.2 (2001): 34 pars. 6 Oct. 2006. http://www.hull.ac.uk/renforum/v5no2/giddens.htm Shakespeare, William. â€Å" Antony and Cleopatra† The Necessary Shakespeare Second Edition. Ed. David Bevington. New York: Pearson Longman, 2005. 752-800. Vaught, Jennifer. â€Å"Masculinity and Affect in Shakespeare’s Winter’s Tale: Men of Feeling from the Renaissance through the Enlightenment.† 1650-1850: Ideas, Aesthetics, and Inquiries in the Early Modern Era 10 (2004): 305-325. Wofford, Susanne L. ed. Shakespeare’s Late Tragedies A Collection of Critical Essays. New Jersey: Prentice Hall. 1996.

Review of Major Management Functions

MODULE TWO REVIEW OF MAJOR MANAGEMENT FUNCTIONS SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES 1. Describe the components of the effective management 2. Give at least 5 principles of nursing management 3. Define planning, organizing, leading, and controlling 4. State the purposes and benefits of planning 5. Describe the phases of planning 6. Differentiate between strategic and operational planning 7. Describes the steps in strategic planning 8. Name the major element of directing 9. Name the important criteria in the delegation of responsibilities 10. Name and describe at least three techniques used in controllingCONTENT OUTLINE I. THE NATURE OF MANAGEMENT PROCESS A. Principles of Management Process B. Components of Management Process II. PLANNING A. The Nature of Planning B. Purposes of Planning C. Process of Planning D. Types of Planning III. ORGANIZING A. Principles of Organizing IV. DIRECTING A. Activities Related to Directing B. Selected Tasks of Nurse Managers-Supervisor C. Leadership, Communication, Mot ivation V. CONTROLLING A. Principles of Controlling I. THE NURSING MANAGEMENT PROCESS Management has been defined as the process of getting work done through others.According to Fayol (in Swansburg, 1993): â€Å"To manage is to forecast and plan, to organize, to command, to coordinate and to control. To foresee and provide means of examining the future and drawing up the plan of action. To organize means building up the dual structure, material, and human of the undertaking. To command means binding together, unifying and harmonizing all activity and effort. To control means seeing that everything occurs in conformity with established rule and expressed demand. † A. The Principles of Management Process Fayol listed the principles of management as follows: Division of Labor * Authority * Discipline * Unity of Command * Subordination of individual interests to the general interest * Centralization * Scalar Chain Nursing management is the process by which nurse managers work thr ough others to achieve nursing organizational goals. The nurse manager’s task is to plan, organize, direct, and control available financial, material and human resources so as to provide the most effective care possible to groups of patients and their families. Swansburg (1993) identified thirteen general principles of nursing management as follows: Nursing management is planning. * Nursing management is the effective use of time. * Nursing management is decision making. * Meeting patient’s nursing care needs is the business of the nurse manager. * Nursing management is the formulation and achievement of social goals. * Nursing management is organizing. * Nursing management denotes a function, social position or rank, discipline and a field of study. * Nursing management is the active organ of the division of nursing, of the organization, and of society in which it functions. * Organizational cultures reflect values and beliefs. Nursing management is directing and lead ing. * A well-managed division of nursing motivates employees to perform satisfactorily. * Nursing management is efficient communication. * Nursing management is controlling or evaluating. B. Component of Effective Management Tappen identified the components of effective management as follows: * Leadership * Planning * Direction * Monitoring * Recognition * Development * Representation Management Functions Identified Henri Fayol (1925) first identified the management functions and briefly described below: 1.Planning encompasses determining philosophy, goals, objectives, policies, procedures and rules; carrying out long- and short-range projections; determining a fiscal course of action; and managing planned change. 2. Organizing includes establishing the structure to carry out plans, determining the most appropriate type of patient care delivery, and grouping activities to meet unit goals. Other functions involve working within the structure of the organization and understanding and using power and authority appropriately. 3. Staffing functions consist of recruiting, interviewing, hiring, and orienting staff.Scheduling, staff development, employee socialization, and team building are also often included as staffing functions. Includes several staffing functions. 4. Directing sometimes includes several staffing functions. However, this phase’s functions usually entail human resource management responsibilities, such as motivating, managing conflict, delegating, communicating, and facilitating collaboration 5. Controlling functions include performance appraisals, fiscal accountability, quality control, and professional and collegial control II. PLANNING A. Nature of PlanningPlanning, a dynamic and future – oriented process is the first element of management. It is a complex, involving whole set of interrelated actions and decisions (Tappen, 1997) Planning has been defined in several ways as for example â€Å"making plan of action for a foreseeable future† (Fayo, 1949, Swansburg, 1996) or as having specific aim or purpose and mapping out a program or method beforehand for accomplishment of a goal. † (Douglas, 1988); â€Å" a process of beginning with objectives, followed by deciding strategies, policies, then by detailed steps on how to achieve them ( Steiner, 1969).These definitions indicate that it is a process whereby it is decided in advance what to do, how to do it, when to do it, who is to do it, as well determining feedback as bases for new plans. The planning step of the management process not only consists of determining the care needs of different types of patients, but also includes establishing nursing objectives, determining budgetary allotments, deciding the size and type of staff needed, designing an organizational structure that will maximize staff effectiveness, and establishing operational policies and procedures. (Gillies, 1994). Planning is a basic function of all managers.Why plan? There are many reasons for planning. B. Purposes of Planning According to Douglas (in Swansburg, 1996), the benefits and purposes of planning include the following: 1. Planning leads to success in achieving goals and objectives. 2. It gives meaning to work 3. It provides for effective use of available personnel and facilities 4. It helps in coping with crisis situations 5. It is cost effective 6. It is based on past and future, thus helping reduce the element of change. 7. It can be used to discover the need for change 8. It is needed for effective control Some other benefits are mentioned by Donovan(1975) These are: 1.Satisfactory outcomes of decision; 2. Improved functions in emergencies 3. Assurance of economy of time, space, and materials, and 4. The highest of personnel Processes of Planning: The process of planning is divided into three phases: 1. Developing the plan 2. Presenting the plan 3. Implementing and monitoring the plan C. Types of Planning Types of planning. According to Tomey (1992), planning can either be a) long range or strategic planning and b) short range or operational planning. Tappen (1995), on the other hand, classified planning according to the purpose it serves.For example, health care planning is a broad, survey approach to determining the health needs of a specified population, a community or even an entire nation. The National Health Care Plan is an example. Project planning is the process applied to a particular project within an organization or a project carried out in cooperation with other agencies. Strategic planning or long range planning extends to five years into the future. It begins with in-depth analysis of the organization’s internal environment’s strength and weaknesses and the external opportunities and threats so that realistic goals can be set for the future.Strategic planning goals are more generic and broader than those of operational planning. Historically, strategic planning became prevalent in US health c are settings and literature in the 1980s in response to major changes in the health care industry which began in the 70’s. These changes amount to a higher cost of health care to the extent that it is almost unaffordable to the general public. Chief executives of health care organizations are resorting to mergers, joint ventures, networking, and other ways of cutting costs in order to survive.The main purposes of strategic planning are to clarify beliefs and values and to give direction to the organization III. ORGANIZING Organizing is a thinking process that identifies the organizational needs from mission statements and objectives and from observation of works performed, then adapting the organizational design and structure to meet these needs. It is the process of designing the machine. During the organizing process, activities are grouped, responsibility and authority are determined, and working relationships are established to enable both the organization and the employe es to realize their common objectives A.Principles of Organizing 1. The Principle of Chain of Command. This principle denotes centralized authority. It states that to be satisfying to members, economically effective, and successful in achieving their goals, organizations are established with hierarchical relationships within which authority flows from top to bottom. The pure line or hierarchical structure is a straightforward, direct chain of command pattern that emphasizes superior – subordinate relationship, in the more modern organizations; however, the chain of command is flat. 2. The Principle of Unity of Command.This principle states that employee has one supervisor/leader and one plan for a group of activities with the same objective. Although an employee may interact with many different individuals in the course of his work, he should be responsible to only one supervisor, whose direction he may regard as final. In Nursing, primary nursing and case management support the principle of unity of command. 3. The Principle of Span of Control. States that a person should be a supervisor of a group that he or she can effectively supervise in terms of numbers, functions, and geography.This principle is flexible because the more trained an employee is the less supervision is needed, while those still under straining need more supervision to prevent mistakes. 4. The Principle of specialization. States that each person perform a single leading function, This concept of division of labor or the differentiation among kinds of duties, springs from this principle IV. DIRECTING Directing is a function of leadership. It involves the activities of commanding, supervising, coordinating, leading, implementing, delegating, communicating, training, and motivating.It is also a process by which nursing personnel are inspired and motivated to accomplish work. A. Activities Related to Directing 1. Formulating objectives for care that are realistic for the health agency, patient, client, and nursing personnel 2. Giving first priority to the needs of the client assigned to the nursing staff 3. Providing for condition and efficiency among departments that provided support service 4. Identifying responsibility for all activities 5. Providing for safe and continuous care 6. Considering the need for variety in task assignment and for development of personnel 7.Providing for the leader’s availability to staff members for assistance. 8. Trusting members to follow through with their assignments 9. Interpreting protocol for responding to incidental requests 10. Explaining procedure to be followed in emergencies. 11. Giving clear, concise, formal and informal direction 12. Using a management control process B. Elements of Directing 1. Leadership. The leader’s philosophical beliefs, abilities, leadership style influence greatly the way he directs. 2. Communication. Using good communication techniques is one of the hallmarks of effective leadershi p and management.The nurse manager must understand that cooperation and communication in an organization go hand in hand. 3. Motivation. Motivating employees achieve high productivity and job satisfaction. V. CONTROLLING Controlling is the leadership function in which performance is measured and corrective action is taken to assure accomplishment of organizational goals. Controlling includes coordination of numerous activities, decision making related to planning and organizing activities, and information from the directing and evaluating of each worker’s performance. A.Principles of Controlling 1. The Principle of Uniformity – ensures that controls are related to the organizational structure 2. The Principle of Comparison – ensures that controls are stated in terms of the standards of the performance required 3. The Principle of Exception – provides summaries that identify exceptions to the standards. 4. Establishing Standards. The controlling process es tablishes standards in terms of expected and measurable outcomes. These are the yardsticks by which achievement of objectives are measured. 5. Measuring Performance.The standards are applied by collecting data and measuring the activities of nursing management, comparing standards with actual care. 6. Correcting Deviation. Any improvements deemed necessary from the feedback are made LEARNING ACTIVITIES: 1. Discuss the similarities between the nursing process and the nursing management process 2. Describe at least three components of effective management 3. Give one example of a strategic or operational planning that you have made in relation to your professional life 4. How will you apply the principles of directing and controlling in your field of work at present? Review of Major Management Functions MODULE TWO REVIEW OF MAJOR MANAGEMENT FUNCTIONS SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES 1. Describe the components of the effective management 2. Give at least 5 principles of nursing management 3. Define planning, organizing, leading, and controlling 4. State the purposes and benefits of planning 5. Describe the phases of planning 6. Differentiate between strategic and operational planning 7. Describes the steps in strategic planning 8. Name the major element of directing 9. Name the important criteria in the delegation of responsibilities 10. Name and describe at least three techniques used in controllingCONTENT OUTLINE I. THE NATURE OF MANAGEMENT PROCESS A. Principles of Management Process B. Components of Management Process II. PLANNING A. The Nature of Planning B. Purposes of Planning C. Process of Planning D. Types of Planning III. ORGANIZING A. Principles of Organizing IV. DIRECTING A. Activities Related to Directing B. Selected Tasks of Nurse Managers-Supervisor C. Leadership, Communication, Mot ivation V. CONTROLLING A. Principles of Controlling I. THE NURSING MANAGEMENT PROCESS Management has been defined as the process of getting work done through others.According to Fayol (in Swansburg, 1993): â€Å"To manage is to forecast and plan, to organize, to command, to coordinate and to control. To foresee and provide means of examining the future and drawing up the plan of action. To organize means building up the dual structure, material, and human of the undertaking. To command means binding together, unifying and harmonizing all activity and effort. To control means seeing that everything occurs in conformity with established rule and expressed demand. † A. The Principles of Management Process Fayol listed the principles of management as follows: Division of Labor * Authority * Discipline * Unity of Command * Subordination of individual interests to the general interest * Centralization * Scalar Chain Nursing management is the process by which nurse managers work thr ough others to achieve nursing organizational goals. The nurse manager’s task is to plan, organize, direct, and control available financial, material and human resources so as to provide the most effective care possible to groups of patients and their families. Swansburg (1993) identified thirteen general principles of nursing management as follows: Nursing management is planning. * Nursing management is the effective use of time. * Nursing management is decision making. * Meeting patient’s nursing care needs is the business of the nurse manager. * Nursing management is the formulation and achievement of social goals. * Nursing management is organizing. * Nursing management denotes a function, social position or rank, discipline and a field of study. * Nursing management is the active organ of the division of nursing, of the organization, and of society in which it functions. * Organizational cultures reflect values and beliefs. Nursing management is directing and lead ing. * A well-managed division of nursing motivates employees to perform satisfactorily. * Nursing management is efficient communication. * Nursing management is controlling or evaluating. B. Component of Effective Management Tappen identified the components of effective management as follows: * Leadership * Planning * Direction * Monitoring * Recognition * Development * Representation Management Functions Identified Henri Fayol (1925) first identified the management functions and briefly described below: 1.Planning encompasses determining philosophy, goals, objectives, policies, procedures and rules; carrying out long- and short-range projections; determining a fiscal course of action; and managing planned change. 2. Organizing includes establishing the structure to carry out plans, determining the most appropriate type of patient care delivery, and grouping activities to meet unit goals. Other functions involve working within the structure of the organization and understanding and using power and authority appropriately. 3. Staffing functions consist of recruiting, interviewing, hiring, and orienting staff.Scheduling, staff development, employee socialization, and team building are also often included as staffing functions. Includes several staffing functions. 4. Directing sometimes includes several staffing functions. However, this phase’s functions usually entail human resource management responsibilities, such as motivating, managing conflict, delegating, communicating, and facilitating collaboration 5. Controlling functions include performance appraisals, fiscal accountability, quality control, and professional and collegial control II. PLANNING A. Nature of PlanningPlanning, a dynamic and future – oriented process is the first element of management. It is a complex, involving whole set of interrelated actions and decisions (Tappen, 1997) Planning has been defined in several ways as for example â€Å"making plan of action for a foreseeable future† (Fayo, 1949, Swansburg, 1996) or as having specific aim or purpose and mapping out a program or method beforehand for accomplishment of a goal. † (Douglas, 1988); â€Å" a process of beginning with objectives, followed by deciding strategies, policies, then by detailed steps on how to achieve them ( Steiner, 1969).These definitions indicate that it is a process whereby it is decided in advance what to do, how to do it, when to do it, who is to do it, as well determining feedback as bases for new plans. The planning step of the management process not only consists of determining the care needs of different types of patients, but also includes establishing nursing objectives, determining budgetary allotments, deciding the size and type of staff needed, designing an organizational structure that will maximize staff effectiveness, and establishing operational policies and procedures. (Gillies, 1994). Planning is a basic function of all managers.Why plan? There are many reasons for planning. B. Purposes of Planning According to Douglas (in Swansburg, 1996), the benefits and purposes of planning include the following: 1. Planning leads to success in achieving goals and objectives. 2. It gives meaning to work 3. It provides for effective use of available personnel and facilities 4. It helps in coping with crisis situations 5. It is cost effective 6. It is based on past and future, thus helping reduce the element of change. 7. It can be used to discover the need for change 8. It is needed for effective control Some other benefits are mentioned by Donovan(1975) These are: 1.Satisfactory outcomes of decision; 2. Improved functions in emergencies 3. Assurance of economy of time, space, and materials, and 4. The highest of personnel Processes of Planning: The process of planning is divided into three phases: 1. Developing the plan 2. Presenting the plan 3. Implementing and monitoring the plan C. Types of Planning Types of planning. According to Tomey (1992), planning can either be a) long range or strategic planning and b) short range or operational planning. Tappen (1995), on the other hand, classified planning according to the purpose it serves.For example, health care planning is a broad, survey approach to determining the health needs of a specified population, a community or even an entire nation. The National Health Care Plan is an example. Project planning is the process applied to a particular project within an organization or a project carried out in cooperation with other agencies. Strategic planning or long range planning extends to five years into the future. It begins with in-depth analysis of the organization’s internal environment’s strength and weaknesses and the external opportunities and threats so that realistic goals can be set for the future.Strategic planning goals are more generic and broader than those of operational planning. Historically, strategic planning became prevalent in US health c are settings and literature in the 1980s in response to major changes in the health care industry which began in the 70’s. These changes amount to a higher cost of health care to the extent that it is almost unaffordable to the general public. Chief executives of health care organizations are resorting to mergers, joint ventures, networking, and other ways of cutting costs in order to survive.The main purposes of strategic planning are to clarify beliefs and values and to give direction to the organization III. ORGANIZING Organizing is a thinking process that identifies the organizational needs from mission statements and objectives and from observation of works performed, then adapting the organizational design and structure to meet these needs. It is the process of designing the machine. During the organizing process, activities are grouped, responsibility and authority are determined, and working relationships are established to enable both the organization and the employe es to realize their common objectives A.Principles of Organizing 1. The Principle of Chain of Command. This principle denotes centralized authority. It states that to be satisfying to members, economically effective, and successful in achieving their goals, organizations are established with hierarchical relationships within which authority flows from top to bottom. The pure line or hierarchical structure is a straightforward, direct chain of command pattern that emphasizes superior – subordinate relationship, in the more modern organizations; however, the chain of command is flat. 2. The Principle of Unity of Command.This principle states that employee has one supervisor/leader and one plan for a group of activities with the same objective. Although an employee may interact with many different individuals in the course of his work, he should be responsible to only one supervisor, whose direction he may regard as final. In Nursing, primary nursing and case management support the principle of unity of command. 3. The Principle of Span of Control. States that a person should be a supervisor of a group that he or she can effectively supervise in terms of numbers, functions, and geography.This principle is flexible because the more trained an employee is the less supervision is needed, while those still under straining need more supervision to prevent mistakes. 4. The Principle of specialization. States that each person perform a single leading function, This concept of division of labor or the differentiation among kinds of duties, springs from this principle IV. DIRECTING Directing is a function of leadership. It involves the activities of commanding, supervising, coordinating, leading, implementing, delegating, communicating, training, and motivating.It is also a process by which nursing personnel are inspired and motivated to accomplish work. A. Activities Related to Directing 1. Formulating objectives for care that are realistic for the health agency, patient, client, and nursing personnel 2. Giving first priority to the needs of the client assigned to the nursing staff 3. Providing for condition and efficiency among departments that provided support service 4. Identifying responsibility for all activities 5. Providing for safe and continuous care 6. Considering the need for variety in task assignment and for development of personnel 7.Providing for the leader’s availability to staff members for assistance. 8. Trusting members to follow through with their assignments 9. Interpreting protocol for responding to incidental requests 10. Explaining procedure to be followed in emergencies. 11. Giving clear, concise, formal and informal direction 12. Using a management control process B. Elements of Directing 1. Leadership. The leader’s philosophical beliefs, abilities, leadership style influence greatly the way he directs. 2. Communication. Using good communication techniques is one of the hallmarks of effective leadershi p and management.The nurse manager must understand that cooperation and communication in an organization go hand in hand. 3. Motivation. Motivating employees achieve high productivity and job satisfaction. V. CONTROLLING Controlling is the leadership function in which performance is measured and corrective action is taken to assure accomplishment of organizational goals. Controlling includes coordination of numerous activities, decision making related to planning and organizing activities, and information from the directing and evaluating of each worker’s performance. A.Principles of Controlling 1. The Principle of Uniformity – ensures that controls are related to the organizational structure 2. The Principle of Comparison – ensures that controls are stated in terms of the standards of the performance required 3. The Principle of Exception – provides summaries that identify exceptions to the standards. 4. Establishing Standards. The controlling process es tablishes standards in terms of expected and measurable outcomes. These are the yardsticks by which achievement of objectives are measured. 5. Measuring Performance.The standards are applied by collecting data and measuring the activities of nursing management, comparing standards with actual care. 6. Correcting Deviation. Any improvements deemed necessary from the feedback are made LEARNING ACTIVITIES: 1. Discuss the similarities between the nursing process and the nursing management process 2. Describe at least three components of effective management 3. Give one example of a strategic or operational planning that you have made in relation to your professional life 4. How will you apply the principles of directing and controlling in your field of work at present?

Marriage and Counseling Essay

Abstract The structural family therapist goes about helping the entire family instead of singling out the specific person with the issues. When families have good relationships with each other it is mainly when each family member has their specified role and fulfills that role to its entirety. This type of psychotherapy was created by a researcher name Salvador Minuchin, from New York. The primary strategy of this therapy is to develop a bond between the family members that are having problems within their family. The therapist’s goal in this theory is to develop a bond with every member of the family so he or she can figure what the problem is and how to solve it. The structural family theory also brings in a biblical perspective to psychology. This therapy will help shed a new light on how God planned families to be and what roles he wanted each of them to have. Introduction Every person in the world has a family. Some people may be closer to theirs than others but that does not negate the fact that they have a family. With that being said, each family has a different way of functioning. The majority of families raise children and they grow up to be fair adult citizens. Although the majority of families raise their children with no problems, there are still those that have their share of misconceptions. The  structural theory specializes in individuality. It examines each person of the family with their own characteristics and aspirations, while being apart of their entire family. The basic concept to structural therapy looks at rules of a family, roles of each individual, wholeness and organization. ( Goldenberg ; Goldenberg, 2013). A therapist analyzing this data thinks that a person can either function or not function. Functional families make changes and shifts as the members of the unit develop and go through different developmental stages (Becerr a., ; Michale., 2012). A dysfunctional family is not open to change and seeks to keep the members of the unit stuck in the way things always have been and does not foster growth within the individuals members of the family. (Becerra., ; Michale., 2012). Assumptions The relationship individuals have with their families is a source of mental stability for each individual. (Becerra., ; Michale., 2012). This theory thinks that when families talk to each other through speaking and non-verbal communication it is passed down through the generations of their family. Aside from those dysfunctions, structural therapist’s looks at the way families form family triangles, coalition, and family belief systems ( Goldenberg & Goldenberg, 2013). Structural theory believes that every member of the family have a different role to play as it related to the workings of their family. Healthy families are not families that have no conflict, rather healthy families are able to see the conflict and handle it in an appropriate manner (Harway., Kadin., Gottlieb., Nutt., & Celano,. 2012). Everyones family has their own element of growth and sometimes this causes problems within the family. While going through these growing pains it causes the family members to not be able to adapt to things without their dysfunctional family. Development of The Theory Research was conducted and clinical data was collected on different family systems to understand the patterns of psychosomatic families. Research was conducted at the Philadelphia Child Guidance Center, where Salvador Minuchin  was the director of the center (Goldenberg, & Goldenberg, 2013).A vast majority of these families came from normal homes with each of them having problems within their family. A psychosomatic family is when the child or children in the family develop severe psychosomatic problems as a result of their families dysfunction (Becerra., & Michale., 2012). While working with families that showed signs of a psychosomatic child, the goal was to change the structure of the relationship and develop boundaries, and to deal with underline conflict within the family system (Goldenberg, & Goldenberg, 2013). Salvador Minuchin and his regime of researchers worked diligently while studying this theory and this is now one of the most influential theories of conducting solutio ns to family conflicts. Counseling Technique The main priority of the therapist is to find the solution to the families and help them discover what the roles should be in each family. Structural family therapists address current problems within the family instead of past events (Harway., Kadin., Gottlieb., Nutt., & Celano., 2012). One of the main jobs of the therapist is to find new ways to hinder the present problems the family has and make sure that the problems do not reoccur. The families that do have a hard time solving their troubles need to have a major change in their roles as a family. There are many techniques that counselors employ while working to bring health to the family system. The main techniques are joining, boundary making, enactment, restructuring, and reframing (Hammond., & Nichols. 2008). Boundary in this therapy basically states that there needs to be separation in the family but at the same time it needs to be known that each member of the family knows they have special meaning and are cared for by everyone else in the family. Counselors look to change the hierarchical relationship between the husband/father and the rest of the family (Goldenberg, & Goldenberg, 2013). When referring to enactment, this is stating that a counselor cannot take one person’s side of the family favorably over the others. Counselors that take the side of one member over the other members will interfere with the creation of healthy family functioning (Goldenberg,  ; Goldenberg, 2013). When the therapist sees that there are problems happening within the family he will exemplify positive patterns which can help the family outside of the counseling aspect. This is one factor that will help the families problems not be pissed on from generation to generation. When the therapist reframe s with the family it means that they are coming up with new ways of viewing the problem. The old ways did not work or the therapist just wants to give them a new perspective of the problem, hoping that the new way would be successful. Christian View A Christian view refers to having a biblical foundation in your life and how they feel the presence of the Bible through their every day life and culture. Christians believe that every word in the bible is inspired by God. 2 Timothy 3:16-17 states that everything in the Bible is inspired by God, and profitable for doctrine, reproof, correction, and instructions (Crabb., 1977). A Christian views marriage and family as one of the greatest things ever created by God. All Christians know that we were all created in Gods image as a reflection of God’s glory. Everyones family is set up in a different and unique way. God created the family concept for the husband and father to be the leader of his wife and his children. God created Eve for Adam with the assumption that they would meet each others needs and have children together. Ephesians 5:25 says that Adams main objective should be to love his wife the was Christ loves the church. This is how all men should treat their wives and if not, it can lead to serious dysfunctional relationships and families. The wives number one priority should be to submit to her husband and to care for the children. The children should respect and mind their parents as long as the parents are still in a steady walk with Jesus Christ (Ephesians 6:1). Many families stray away from these simple concepts and it also leads to havi ng a broken family. If families remain true to their Christian view of life and their culture within their family they can live happily and not be hindered by outside influences, also known as the Devil. My personal family theory is the same as structural family therapy. When the therapist focuses on each individual of the family it creates a better way to deal with the problems that Christian and non-Christian families have. Structural family model looks at creating balance within the concepts of family dynamic. Structural therapist looks at defining family rules, roles, coalition, subsystems, boundaries, and wholeness (Goldenberg, & Goldenberg, 2013). Dr. Crabb stated He looked at the life of Paul and stated that as believes we should do everything to please God and not man (Crabb, 1977). When Christians are involved in counseling they should make sure that all of the counseling sessions not only help their family but also reflects God in every single aspect. Compare/Contrast Structural Family Therapy has a lot of similarities as family directed therapy. Family-directed therapy is a younger model of structural therapy, but with different aspects to the theory that structural family therapy doesn’t look at (McLendon., McLendon., & Petr., 2005). Both of these types of therapies determine that the parents should care for the children, not the other way around. They also both show the families the positives in their system, the negatives, and what needs to be changed throughout their maturing process as a family. Family-directed therapy is more time limited and while working on goals that were set by members of the family (McLendon., McLendon., & Petr., 2005). In the structural therapy the family members do not set the goals for the members. The therapist sets them because he knows exactly where the weaknesses and the strong points of the family are. Conclusion Structural Therapy is a counseling model created by Salvador Minuchin and his crew of researchers. Much of the early research for the theory was done at an inner city to understand the how families functioned when high levels of poverty and single-mother lead homes where older child were more like a second parents in the family (Harway., Kadin., Gottlieb., Nutt., & Celano., 2012). The purpose for this theory is to aid families with providing them counseling and making their family functional in all ways. These counselors  find ways to establish roles within the family system and to establish boundaries between the family members. The goal of the therapist with a Christian view is to strengthen the marriage, parent/child relationship and to help each family understand their role in their family. Christian counselors rely on God to help guide them into bringing change within the family unit.

Fall on your Knees themetic essay essays

Fall on your Knees themetic essay essays Fall on your knees, one of the worlds greatest novels, is written by Ann-Marie Macdonald who inspires many people. Macdonald is able to approach the readers using her endowed ability of writing. She uses many elements in her writing effectively to make the reader gain a more significant understanding of her works. Her endless descriptions helps readers understand complicated plots. The novel examines abnormal family bonds, birth and death, prohibited love, and dreadful secrets. Each character is pitied, sometimes hated and eventually loved. Macdonald accomplishes the presentation of a dysfunctional family through her own views and her own particular style of writing. There are many reasons for a family to be dysfunctional and there is not one definition that describes what a dysfunctional family is because each family is different in a lot of ways and families are not all dysfunctional for the same reason. In this case, the parents, James and Materia, Mercedes, and Frances have all c arried with them their own essence and integrity which in many cases have destructively affected their family. James and Materia had a great negative influence on their children. The parents of the Piper family contribute in ways that lead them to sustain a dysfunctional family. The absence of the parents had a great influence on their family. Materia and James relationship was unconstructive. At the outset, the parents themselves were raised in dysfunctional families. Materias family, the Mahmouds, were not capable of raising Materia well which resulted in a break up of the family. The Mahmouds were strict and traditional people. Materia was forbidden to see guys outside of school, however, when she did, she was locked in her room and was not allowed to see James. The Mahmouds narrow-mindedness and overprotectiveness forced Materia to become a rebel and run away with James. James, conversely, was raised without parents most of h...

Abuse Case Study Castlebeck Winterbourne View Essays

Abuse Case Study Castlebeck Winterbourne View Essays Abuse Case Study Castlebeck Winterbourne View Paper Abuse Case Study Castlebeck Winterbourne View Paper Castlebeck is a large company employing 2,100 people providing care for 580 service users at 56 locations nationwide. One of these locations is Winterbourne View, a privately owned 24 bed facility that treats people with autism and learning difficulties. An urgent investigation was conducted after a BBC panorama reporter went undercover at the facility as an untrained support worker. The footage captured showed some of the hospitals most vulnerable patients being subjected to serious abuse. The staff at Winterbourne was caught on film whilst teasing and taunting patient. They were also caught hitting and kicking and pinning down patients. One patient was dragged into a cold shower fully clothed then put outside in the cold. Certain members of staff were seen as ring leaders however other members of staff sat back and watched or pretended that nothing was going wrong. A former Winterbourne nurse Terry Bryan tried to raise his concerns both with Castlebeck and CQC. The owners of winterbourne, health regulators, local health services and the police were all criticised for failing to act on a number of warning signs of increased institutional abuse by the staff. The professional standards and codes of practice had no bearing on patient care as Winterbourne View became largely led by its biggest staff group, the unregulated support workers, despite the presence of a team of 13 learning disability nurses. Training was skewed towards restraint practices with nothing about working with patients and a clinical psychologist who viewed the footage said basic techniques for dealing with people with challenging behaviour were ignored. Police confirmed that three men aged 42, 30 and 25 and a woman aged 24 was arrested as part of the investigation. There were also 13 employees suspended. One of the care homes patients who was being subjected to terrible abuse told her parents but they refused to believe her saying that it would never be allowed to happen. In a statement the CQC said following an internal review it recognised that there were indications of problems that should have led them to take action sooner. The care services minister Mr Burstow confirmed with CQC that they should undertake a series of unannounced inspections of services for people with learning difficulties. Castlebeck have launched an internal investigation into their whistle blowing procedures and are reviewing the records of 580 patients. The vulnerable patients from the documentary have been removed to safety. A statement from the chief executive of Castlebeck said he was utterly ashamed by what had happened and sent unreserved apologizes to both the service users and their families. Gloustershire council said it takes all allegations of abuse seriously and as soon as the SAB (safe guarding adults board) were made aware of the allegations at winterbourne the correct and appropriate action was taken in line with established protocol and procedures.

Cómo hacer para pedir un perdón migratorio en USA

Cà ³mo hacer para pedir un perdà ³n migratorio en USA Pedir el perdà ³n (tambià ©n conocido como waiver)  depende de la causa del problema y si lo que se busca es una visa no inmigrante, como por ejemplo la de turista, o una de inmigrante para la tarjeta de residencia. En este artà ­culo se explican las dos situaciones, segà ºn el tipo de visa que se busque. Perdà ³n para sacar la tarjeta de residencia Las peticiones de green card pueden ser rechazadas por ms de 40 causas. Cuando esto sucede se dice que la persona para la que se solicità ³ es inadmisible.   Dependiendo de la causa de inadmisibilidad y si se cumplen otros requisitos a veces es posible solicitar con à ©xito un perdà ³n.   Estas son distintas situaciones a tener en cuenta: Si el solicitante es familiar inmediato de un ciudadano americano y se encuentra en Estados Unidos y el à ºnico problema es que ingresà ³ ilegalmente al paà ­s y ha estado en esa situacià ³n ms de 180 dà ­as haciendo asà ­ saltar el castigo de los 3 y de los 10 aà ±os, entonces asesorarse si serà ­a posible pedir el perdà ³n provisional I-601A. En los dems casos, para la mayorà ­a de las causas de inadmisibilidad se podrà ­a solicitar el perdà ³n I-601. Estos son 5 errores que hay que evitar cuando se solicita por el problema de presencia ilegal. Para el perdà ³n I-601 los requisitos son distintos segà ºn la causa de inadmisibilidad. Para muchas se pide, adems, que se dà © una situacià ³n de dureza extrema.   Adems, hay que tener en cuenta que algunas causas de inadmisibilidad, como por ejemplo las relacionadas con la seguridad nacional o delitos graves son extraordinariamente difà ­ciles de obtener por no decir que imposible. Si adems, ha habido una deportacià ³n o expulsià ³n, seguir leyendo hasta encontrar ese punto en este artà ­culo ya que adems de la penalidad por ser inadmisible hay la penalidad por la remocià ³n y habrà ­a que pedir los 2 perdones conjuntamente. Perdà ³n cuando se solicita una visa no inmigrante Las visas como la de turista, trabajador temporero, estudiante, etc, pueden ser negadas porque se considera que el solicitante es inadmisible para ingresar a Estados Unidos.   No confundir cuando una visa se rechaza por una causa de inadmisibilidad a cuando se niega porque el solicitante no es elegible (20 causas). Por ejemplo, cuando una visa de turista no es aprobada porque el aplicante no demuestra lazos familiares y/o econà ³micos con el paà ­s en el que reside. Esa no es una causa de inadmisibilidad y, por lo tanto, la solucià ³n no es pedir un perdà ³n. En estos casos de ser inadmisible, las opciones son dos: Si se tiene una visa vlida, se es solicitante de visa U (violencia) o T (trfico de personas) o se es canadiense, se podrà ­a solicitar un perdà ³n I-192.En los dems casos, se podrà ­a solicitar un perdà ³n sin utilizar ningà ºn formulario oficial pero con documentacià ³n para respaldar por quà © se solicita. En este caso se presentarà ­a ante el consulado o embajada americana donde se solicita la visa. Y a partir de ahà ­ se envà ­a a Estados Unidos a una oficina que se conoce como ARO, que son los encargados de decidir.   Ejemplo: perdà ³n para obtener una visa no inmigrante cuando el problema es fraude 212(a)(6)(c)(i). Si ha habido una deportacià ³n o remocià ³n En los casos de deportacià ³n se impone un castigo y no se puede regresar a Estados Unidos por un nà ºmero de aà ±os, que dependen del caso. Si se considera que se podrà ­a obtener un perdà ³n para regresar hasta de que transcurran esos aà ±os, hay que pedir el perdà ³n I-212. Dependiendo de las circunstancias del caso, sà ³lo este o à ©ste y otro. Por ejemplo, puede que se tenga que pedir el I-601 y el I-212 conjuntamente. Todo va a depender de las circunstancias del caso. En los casos de deportacià ³n tener en cuenta antes de presentar el perdà ³n que si se est en una situacià ³n de prohibicià ³n permanente, ya que ahà ­ rigen sus propias reglas, que son muy duras. A tener en cuenta En casos antiguos puede que aplique la  proteccià ³n 245(i).  Ya no serà ­a necesario pedir un perdà ³n. Los perdones son totalmente discrecionales, esto es, si se aprueban o deniegan dependen de la persona encargada de resolverlos y siempre est radicada en Estados Unidos. Es necesario entender que los perdones son asuntos complejos, difà ­ciles, que requieren presentar bien el caso y toda la documentacià ³n, por lo que es realmente recomendable contar con un abogado migratorio reputado con experiencia en este tipo de casos. Y aà ºn asà ­, entender que es probable que no se gane el caso. Por à ºltimo, evitar ser và ­ctima de fraude migratorio. Particularmente de las personas que asegurar poder obtener un perdà ³n a cambio de una fuerte cantidad de dinero. Los casos de estafas migratorias pueden reportarse anà ³nimamente. Este es un artà ­culo informativo. No es asesorà ­a legal.

TBD Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

TBD - Essay Example This paper discusses persuasively the need for people to embrace volunteering in their community in a clear and outright way. The solution to the trend of the minimizing rate of volunteering in the American society is emphasizing on the importance of volunteering to the public. This can be done through the start of volunteering clubs in various learning institution. The clubs will create a platform where the students are taught the importance of volunteering in the community. The impact of this will be a generation that embraces voluntary work in their community thus this culture will be evident in years to come (Paxton, 14-15). Also, learning institution should support and motivate the students who are volunteering. This may be done by recognizing their efforts and awarding them individually with certificates of merit. It is evident that when students get to be involved in volunteering while they are young the future Corporate Social Responsibility is in good hands. Companies also should encourage their staff to be involved in volunteering through setting up of workshops to teach them on the importance. This is an open forum where every staff member will participate and give his contribution on the topic. Also, companies should set up programs of Corporate Social Responsibility in their locations. This will create opportunities for the locals to volunteer for the benefit of the development of the area (Brummel, par 4). It is evident that companies that embrace Corporate Social Responsibility have a competitive edge in the market space as it leads to a good reputation of the company. Some of the remarkable CSR companies can be involved in is the setting up recycling plants that will help in conservation of the environment. Another one is providing habitat for humanity. This involves building of affordable homes to the low-income families in the

Book Review Essay on HR from the Heart Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Book Review on HR from the Heart - Essay Example She expresses the same gravity when she tells about the importance of the profession. She writes, â€Å"When you go into HR, you must realize that, first and foremost, you are responsible for people’s livelihood. Every day you make plans that affect individuals on the most intimate levels. Every time you choose between one candidate and another, the decision you make sets a chain of events that determines the rest of both their lives –even the candidate you never see again because they’re not right fit for your company. You decide on whether an employee stays or goes. You decide who gets promoted and who doesn’t. You decide who gets a raise and who doesn’t. By establishing the compensation guidelines or advertising management, you influence who gets a generous raise and who doesn’t. And you make all these decisions in a larger context of understanding the internal structures and secret plans of the company as a whole.† (Sartain 6) In this book the author is describing how an HR professional should make career choices and mold careers of others as well. She feels frustrated to see HR professionals as vulnerable as others in making career choices when they are capable of helping others mold careers. Sartain also shows how they can make a difference by relating passion with their career as she says, â€Å"If we, as HR professionals, can’t link career and passion for ourselves, how can we expect to be able to do it for the employees of our organization? One of the parts of HR that I get the most joy out of is helping people find the right environment in which to do the things that they enjoy doing.† (Sartain 20). In today’s business environment, HR plays a crucial role in hiring the right kind of talent and retaining them. HR professionals are supposed to power brokers who stamp ‘No’ to every new proposal and are ready to make yet another policy. However, HR is a dynamic and ever-changing profession which can make a difference

Reflection on Gained Writing Skills Throughout the Course Essay

Reflection on Gained Writing Skills Throughout the Course - Essay Example Since my childhood, I have always had affection towards linguistics. I loved writing differently about topics. I wrote for fun and not specifically following any procedures since I was not addressing an audience. I always preferred writing when I was alone to avoid disturbance and interference. Although I enjoyed writing, I never thought that I was good at it so most of the times I never allowed anyone to read my work. Initially, my writing depicted numerous grammatical errors, wrong formats, redundancy, and lack of logical flow. However, with time and practice, I have perfected my writing. Learning is a process and right now, I am proud of my writings. I am amazed when I look back at what I used to write. I have realized that writing will always be part of me and knowing the fact that it can be a source of income makes it even more interesting. Before writing any given topic, I always go through the topic I intend to write about which helps me to get an idea of what I should write. After getting the concept, I write a rough draft and after that, I get to revise the draft. This helps me to get rid of the simple mistakes in my writing. Finally, I always proofread my work to be sure that my final document is perfect. This routine has really improved my self-esteem as a person since I have realized that everything in life must systematic. This has helped me to be always thorough with what I do since the final product is always what matters. Peer review has really had a positive effect on me as a writer since it always provides me with an opportunity to learn from my peers and get to improve on my weaknesses, it also gives me a chance share my views and experiences to my peers and this has really been motivating.  

Mellor, Augustus and the Creation of the Empire Essay

Mellor, Augustus and the Creation of the Empire - Essay Example He emphasized on being given the right of military command ensuring the state suffered no harm, driving the murderers of his father into exile and defeating them twice in war, undertaking civil and foreign wars by land and sea throughout the whole world but spared lives of citizens who sought pardon, he was honored twice with ovations and saluted twenty one times as an imperator. Augustus took charge of grain supply at his own financial expense during the great famine, all citizens offered sacrifices for his health at all the seats of the gods with the Roman people calling him the father of the country, his continued preaching about friendly relationships, his presentation of three gladiatorial games in his own and five in the name of his sons. Augustus also established colonies of soldiers in Africa, Sicily, Asia, Syria and Macedonia etc, which had been seized in slave war and by defeating his enemies in Spain, Gaul and from

Job satisfaction for MacDonald fast food restaurant Case Study

Job satisfaction for MacDonald fast food restaurant - Case Study Example Hamburgers, cheeseburgers, chicken, French fries, soft drinks, milkshakes and desserts are some of the items sold by McDonald's. Recently McDonald's has diversified its operations into many other areas. For example, â€Å"With the introduction of specialty coffee, McDonald's became more than just a fast food restaurant. Now you could come during the evenings and sit in the McCafe, sipping cappuccino while discussing the subtleties of 20th century French philosophy† (McDonald's: A History Of Innovation). â€Å"According to the National Restaurant Association, American sales of fast food totaled $163.5 billion in 2005. Total sales for McDonald's grew 5.6 percent in 2005, and the company now has 30,000 franchised stores in more than 120 countries†(Wilson).(See appendix for more details). In short, McDonald's is one of the rapidly growing organizations in the world. Even though recent recession hit many of the restaurant chains drastically, McDonald's escaped without any se rious injuries. At the same time, many people believe that the job satisfaction of the employees of McDonald's is not so good because of the demanding work culture. It should be noted that job satisfaction is an important entity for the workers of modern era. Any lapse in job satisfaction may result in increased turnover rate and the image of the organization could be spoiled. This paper conducts a SWOT analysis of McDonald's with respect to job satisfaction among employees. SWOT analysis Strengths A New York Times article chronicles the efforts of one McDonald's franchisee in Missouri who has outsourced his drive through order-taking to Colorado. According to the franchise owner, outsourced order taking allows him to handle 30 additional cars per hour. At the same time, the error rate in order taking was cut significantly as the ordering process has become more efficient and accurate (McDonald's: A History Of Innovation). Innovation is the major strength of McDonald's. The company never hesitated to incorporate modern business strategies and servicing techniques in its premises. It should be noted that outsourcing and offshoring are two of the most modern business strategies adopted by modern organizations to exploit the globalized business climate. As mentioned earlier, internationalization of offshoring of business helped McDonald's to establish business in more than 120 countries at present. it should be noted that the business in America is almost saturated for McDonald's at present since it has outlets in virtually every corner of America. It is impossible for McDonald's to expand further in America. Because of the above awareness, the company started internationalization of business, which brought dividends to them. Same way, out sourcing also helped the company immensely in increasing its revenue. Many people have the illusion that outsourcing may help only the manufacturing industry and it has nothing to do with the service industry. However, McDonald 's proved such belief wrong. It has outsourced the majority of the order taking jobs. It should not be forgotten that it is extremely difficult in America and other European countries to find enough labor to work in lower level positions. Manpower shortage is immense in these regions and hence companies forced to outsource their jobs as much as possible. Outsourcing of order taking and order processing helped McDonald's to improve its operating efficiency immensely. Previously, the

Mellor, Augustus and the Creation of the Empire Essay

Mellor, Augustus and the Creation of the Empire - Essay Example He emphasized on being given the right of military command ensuring the state suffered no harm, driving the murderers of his father into exile and defeating them twice in war, undertaking civil and foreign wars by land and sea throughout the whole world but spared lives of citizens who sought pardon, he was honored twice with ovations and saluted twenty one times as an imperator. Augustus took charge of grain supply at his own financial expense during the great famine, all citizens offered sacrifices for his health at all the seats of the gods with the Roman people calling him the father of the country, his continued preaching about friendly relationships, his presentation of three gladiatorial games in his own and five in the name of his sons. Augustus also established colonies of soldiers in Africa, Sicily, Asia, Syria and Macedonia etc, which had been seized in slave war and by defeating his enemies in Spain, Gaul and from

Business Policy Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Business Policy - Assignment Example KG). Swan Malaysia Sdn Bhd is one of the three production facilities of the Schwan-STABILO Group "that guarantee the best materials and resources, workmanship and experienced staff" (Swan Malaysia Sdn Bhd). It is the goal of this paper to analyze the particular external environment of STABILO Malaysia or the Swan Malaysia Sdn Bhd subsidiary as an aid to better business policy. Effective management and evaluation tools such as the PEST Analysis, The Porter's Five Forces Analysis, the Competitor Analysis and the Market Trend Analysis will all be done in this particular case. The external environment may seem out of company's control as the political, economic, social and technological climate are determined by outside factors, but the responsibility to forecast, adjust and reconcile the company's direction to them is within the company's scope and capability. Political. Malaysia espouses the Parliamentary democracy, with a constitutional monarch, the King of Malaysia as the head of state and the government administration divided among the Executive, Judicial and Legislative branches (Malaysian Administrative Modernisation and Management Planning Unit, 2010). The countr The country's judiciary in Malaysia is said to be not independent as there seems to be "excessive influence of the executive over the judiciary, especially in politically motivated cases" thus foreigners cannot be guaranteed an impartial trial from the country's judiciary (Alibaba.com, 2008). As to tax rates, the coutnry requires to Value Added Tax (VAT), but there is a sales tax which is normally at 5%, except for cigarette which is taxed 25% and wine and beer which is taxed at 20% (Alibaba.com, 2008). For corporation, capital gains tax range from 0% to 28% (Alibaba.com, 2008). Economic. Malaysia is one of the growing economies in Asia. Although it posted a -2.8% growth rate in 2010 its inflation rate was moderate at 0.4% in the same year (IndexMundi, 2010). Malaysia Ringgit is a relatively strong currency, which is currently exhcanged for 3.26 to 1.00 USD compared to Philippines' 45.9 to 1.00 USD (http://www.xe.com, 2010). Malaysia's competitive ranking surged to 10th compared to 18th a year ago "as the country benefited from strong demand from Asia as well as implementation of efficient policies, especially government policies" (Sidhu, 2010). Investment banker attributes the leap from the government's strong commitment to "reshapre the country's competitive landscape" (Sidhu, 2010). The ranking which was based from four main criteria including economic performance, governmen efficiency, business, efficiency and infrastructure is expected to boost the country's private investment (Sidhu, 2010). Social. The country currently houses 28.96 million individuals, with a projected average growth rate of 1.6% per year, a figure which is lower than the previous years and is primarily attributed Malaysians' decision to delay marriage and pursue higher education and career advancement (Malaxi.com, 2010 cited in Department of statistic and economic planning unit). 63.6% of the population is from 15-64 years old, 31.7% aged

Myth and Thomas Jefferson Essay Example for Free

Myth and Thomas Jefferson Essay Essay: Topic: Compare and Contrast â€Å"Thomas Jefferson’s first inaugural address† (Chapter 15 in Readings in United States History) and â€Å"Hope and Heritage: Myth and Thomas Jefferson†, (Chapter 14 in Readings in United States History) â€Å"Do you want to know who you are? Dont ask. Act! Action will delineate and define you.† (By Thomas Jefferson). Thomas Jefferson, who was born on April 13 1743 and died on July 4 1826, was the son of a wealthy uneducated planter from Western Virginia. He was the first to go to College in his family and he attended the College of William and Mary. He was dreaming about a society where men would be judged by what they have accomplished and by their taste .He was the third president of the United States of America (From 1801 to 1809) and also the first United States Secretary of State (From 1790 to 1793 ).He was much more: founder of the University of Virginia. Philosopher, cofounder of the oldest political party in the nation, coauthor of the Declaration of Independence. In this essay, we are going to compare and contrast â€Å"Thomas Jefferson’s first inaugural address† (Chapter 15 in Readings in United States History) and â€Å"Hope and Heritage: Myth and Thomas Jefferson†, (Chapter 14 in Readings in United States History). In his book â€Å"The Jefferson image in the American Mind (1960), the writer Merrill Peterson is basically showing how American’s people see Thomas Jefferson. They have always seen him as a particular man, a symbol for the United States of America .Therefore, many people took their time to find out something wrong about that man. The man who started criticizing him as probably the writer Leonard Levy’s in his Book â€Å"Jefferson and Civil Liberties: The Darker Side†. In Chapter 14 â€Å"Hope and Heritage: Myth and Thomas Jefferson†, Gordon Wood really talks about Jefferson’s personal life. Thomas Jefferson is described as someone who had passion for partisan persecution, someone who didn’t care about the civil liberties,  someone who thought he was morally perfect and used to judge people around him. In the chapter, they are comparing him to his friend James Madison. Thomas Jefferson wasn’t thinking about the country like Madison when he was taking decisions. While taking his decisions, he was mostly concerned about what his French friends would think of it than the needs of the American population. The main portion of Jefferson’s life, was his fight to abolish slavery. As it is written in this chapter, Thomas Jefferson hated slavery. He worked really hard to eradicate it in New Western territories. But apparently, he was never able to set all his slaves free. Many recent historians claimed that Jefferson’s acting toward Black people was very disgusting, revolting. Especially for someone who claimed that he wanted to eradicate slavery. During his life, he wanted to make sure that the eradication of slavery will be accompanied by the deportation of Back people of the country. For him, Black people living in a white’s man America was totally unbearable. He was â€Å"Racist†. In his mind, Black men were extremely inferior to White Not only in Body but also in mind. People were surprised to see hear him talk about freedom and control Black slaves at the same time. Most people started to think that he was a hypocrite. In 1802, James Callender, a political pamphleteer and journalist pointed the fat that Tomas Jefferson maintained Sally Hemings a Black Slave as a mistress and fathered her with various children. This was barely believable because everybody knew him as a man who always suppressed his passions. In addition to that, Thomas Jefferson was a man of the eighteenth century, an intelligent man, conventional, and enlightened. But he also had his own weaknesses. Jefferson was fully part of the Enlightenment in the United States of America. His desire to know everything and his open-minded character put him on the top of the American Enlightenment. Unlike in Chapter 14 (Hope and Heritage: Myth and Thomas Jefferson), Chapter 15 (First Inaugural Address, 1801) is basically Thomas Jefferson’s speech which marks the abolition of one of the worst period in the United States of America. The First Inaugural Address of Thomas Jefferson is lionizing the most important election in the history as Thomas Jefferson was succeeding to John Adams as president. During 1790s, some divisions were created between the Federalists (Hamilton and Adams) and the Republicans (Jefferson and Madison) due to the opposition to Hamilton’s financial policies and polemics over foreign policy. Thomas Jefferson was  the first President to take office in the new capital city of Washington. In his speech, Thomas Jefferson says â€Å"Every difference of opinion is not a difference of principle. We have called by different names brethren of the same principle. We are all Republicans, we are all Federalists.† He is basically telling his Fellow-Citizens that even though there are some differences, both Federalists and Republicans are serving the same constitution and following the same principles. What is different is the way each of them interprets and apply it. He is calling for Union. Jefferson wants a government when no one will injure another; where each citizen will work. In his partisanship, the First Inaugural of Jefferson mingles the American past of Washington and some heroes into his different principles .By making his party’s victory a victory for all the country, the speech sets the standard for inaugural addresses. In Conclusion, we were ask to compare and contrast â€Å"Thomas Jefferson’s Inaugural Address† (Chapter 15 in Readings of the United States History) and â€Å"Hope and Heritage: Myth and Thomas Jefferson† (Chapter 14 in Readings of the United States History).We can undoubtedly say that Thomas Jefferson was a great Leader. It is therefore all the more important to see and distinguish where he had success and also where he failed. Whenever something is great, people will always try to find out the Bad in it and that’s what happened to Thomas Jefferson. But it doesn’t change anything to what he has accomplished for the United States of America. Till today, no other figure in the American history as reached that standard.

Importance of Monitoring Blood Pressure

Importance of Monitoring Blood Pressure Why should we monitor high blood pressure? In this essay the reasons why we monitor high blood pressure will be discussed. In order to do this it will first be necessary to explain what blood pressure is and what we mean by high blood pressure. The implications of having high blood pressure will be considered followed by how and why it should be monitored. Both the social and economic implications of high blood pressure and it’s monitoring will be assessed. Blood pressure is the measure of the force the heart uses to pump blood through the arteries. NHS Choices. (21/07/2014). These arteries manage the flow of the blood by controlling its speed and direction. Blood pressure depends two things; how forcefully the heart pumps the blood and how narrow or relaxed the arteries are. Gill. S, Kristensen. SD. (08/02/2011). High blood pressure is caused when blood is forced through the arteries at an increased pressure. Artery walls have tiny muscles which allow them to become narrower or wider. The narrower the arteries the less space there is for the blood to flow and the harder the heart will have to work. The muscles in the artery wall react to the flow of blood by working harder, which makes them grow bigger. The wall then becomes thicker reducing the space for the blood to flow through. When the heart has to pump harder to push the blood through narrowed arteries the blood pressure rises. If an artery becomes blocked or bursts, the part of the body that the blood was going to will be deprived of energy and oxygen and will be damaged or die. In this instance the pressure of the blood causes the damage. Fullick. A (2008). Arteries can become damaged in other ways. They can become hardened (atherosclerosis) as a result of fat, cholesterol and other substances building up in the walls of the arteries. Hence life style can be a major contributor in high blood pressure. If an individual is overweight, smokes, eats too much salt, doesn’t exercise enough and, or consumes too much alcohol they will be susceptible to high blood pressure. In addition, if a person has relatives with high blood pressure, has a history of cardiovascular disease, or is of African or Caribbean descent they are more prone to it. Finally, as a person gets older so does their chance of getting high blood pressure, as the blood vessels become stiffer and less flexible. NHS Choices. (04/07/2014). Having continued high blood pressure (also known as hypertension) increases a persons risk of many serious illnesses, for example; cardiovascular disease, stroke, embolism, aneurysm and kidney disease, to name a few. Approximately one in five people in the UK suffer from hypertension. Gill. S, Kristensen. SD. (08/02/2011). However many of these aren’t aware, as there are not always obvious symptoms. For this reason it is sometimes known as the silent killer. NHS Choices. (04/07/2014). In some instances, with continued levels of very high blood pressure, individuals may display persistent headaches, blurred or double vision, nosebleeds and shortness of breath. The only way to know if a person has a problem with their blood pressure is to get it measured. The NHS recommend that every adult should have their blood pressure checked every 5 years. NHS Choices. (04/07/2014). The chart opposite shows the different levels of blood pressure and at what point they are considered low, normal and high. This chart is suitable for adults of any age as, although a persons blood pressure might change with age, the levels at which the pressure is considered high, normal or low do not. Blood Pressure Association . (2008). When taking a person’s blood pressure there are two readings. The top number is the systolic blood pressure. This is the highest pressure when the heart beats and pushes blood around the body. The bottom number is the diastolic blood pressure. This is the lowest pressure when the heart is relaxed between beats. Low blood pressure is anything less than 90/60. Ideal blood pressure is between 90/60 and 120/80. Readings up to 140/90 mean that the blood pressure is a little high and should be reduced slightly but anything over 140/90 is an indication of high blood pressure. Only one of either the systolic or diastolic numbers has to be higher than it should be to indicate that a person has high blood pressure . Blood Pressure Association . (2008). If blood pressure is 120 diastolic or below the risk of cardiovascular disease as a result of blood pressure is minimal but as it rises up to 140 diastolic the risk doubles and then by 160 over it doubles again. For every 20mm diastolic i ncrease the risk of death from cardiovascular disease doubles. Blood Pressure Association. (2008). Figures published by Public Health England in November 2014 showed that diseases caused by continued high blood pressure cost the NHS over  £2bn every year and monitoring accounts for 12% of all GP visits.  £850 million could be saved over a period of 10 years if overall blood pressure was reduced. In addition, over the same period of time, if 15% more people were diagnosed, a further  £120 million could be saved. Finally, if another 15% currently being treated controlled their blood pressure more effectively, another  £120 million could be saved. Public Health England. (2014). However, the act of measuring blood pressure is problematic. The whole process of going to visit a G.P to have your blood pressure monitored can in itself increase blood pressure. This is commonly known as the white coat effect; where a blood pressure reading is higher when taken in a medical setting than when it’s taken at home. This may be because patients are more nervous in such settings. It is reported that such an increase may occur in as many as 25% of those diagnosed with high blood pressure. This can lead to improper diagnosis of high blood pressure. NHS Choices. (24/08/2011). NICE (National Institute for Health and Care Excellence) reports that this effect is more common in pregnancy and with increasing age. McManus. R et al (2011). Thus other methods of monitoring are being considered more widely. One of these methods is ambulatory blood pressure monitor (ABPM). This is where blood pressure is measured for up to 24 hours. A small digital blood pressure monitor is se cured around a patients waist and connected to a cuff at the top of their arm. It is small enough not to affect daily life and can even be used when asleep. It measures the blood pressure at regular intervals over 24 hours, so a doctor is able to get a clear idea of how a patient’s blood pressure changes throughout the day. It avoids the problem of misleading spikes in blood pressure because a patient is feeling anxious about being tested. Pickering found that 21% of 292 patients with borderline high blood pressure actually had normal daytime readings. These patients were defined as having white coat hypertension, and they were more likely to be female, younger and to weigh less. Pickering. TG et al (1988). Staessen undertook a similar study and found that more patients measured by ABPM stopped treatment than those measured in a medical setting. Staessen. JA et al (1997). Therefore the benefits to large portions of society who might be able to stop taking drugs as a result of mis-diagnosis could be quite substantial. ABPM is, however, expensive. In 2011 NICE released the findings of a study that found that although it was the most accurate method of diagnosing hypertension, it was also the most expensive. However, the savings made as a result of reduced cost of drugs and GP visits meant that it was still the most cost effective means of measuring and confirming diagnosis. McManus. R et al (2011). Staessen also found that drug intervention could be reduced and that blood pressure and overall general health was improved as a result of treatment based on ABPM reading. Staessen. JA et al (1997). Therefore the social and economic benefits of ABPM would appear to be wholly worth the cost. However, Law, Wald and Morris Law. M, Wald. N, Morris. J. (2003). suggest there are problems with restricting the measurement of blood pressure purely to those with high blood pressure. They argue that although blood pressure is an important cause of stroke and heart disease it is not a good screening test to distinguish who will or will not develop them. They claim that most strokes and coronary heart disease occurs in people who do not have high blood pressure (only 10% of people with the highest blood pressure experience less than one third of all strokes and one fifth of all coronary heart disease events) and that older people with average blood pressure have a substantially greater risk than younger people with high blood pressure.They suggest that the term hypertension intimates that blood pressure is a disease in itself, rather than an indication of more serious problems and that monitoring with a view to reducing high blood pressure ignores those whose blood pressure might be relatively normal or borderline but whom for other reasons may develop stroke or heart disease. They found that lowering blood pressure reduces the risk of heart disease and stroke whatever the starting blood pressure. They suggest that the main method of screening should be to identify all those with a history of stroke or heart attack. They further suggest that there is little point in measuring blood pressure after a first event as subsequent deaths account for about half of all deaths from stroke and heart disease. Surprisingly, Law, Wald and Morris suggest that changes in diet and lifestyle have only a limited effect in reducing average blood pressure, although they do acknowledge that a major reduction in the salt content of manufactured foods by the food industry would have an impact. They argue that blood pressure lowering drugs are the only way to ensure substantial reductions in blood pressure. As such they suggest that blood pressure reducing drugs should be given to all those identified as susceptible to heart disease or stroke, including those over a certain age, regardless of the level of their blood pressure. The impartiality of Law, Wald and Morris findings are questionable as they see medication as the only way forward. It is not clear if their research is funded by a pharmaceutical company and care would need to be taken when relying upon their findings. They give no credence to the social benefits of life style changes, for example general well being from a reduced diet or alcohol intake, as well as the benefits brought about from the socialising aspect of exercise. Their recommendations also take no account of the reluctance of otherwise healthy individuals to a lifetime of drug taking. As highlighted by Honigsbaum, Honigsbaum. M.. (2012). who, at the age of 47, living a healthy life style, rejected the notion of having to take pills for the rest of his life. Honigsbaum is an example of those in Law’s study, whose life style did not suggest a problem with high blood pressure but whom had a genetic pre disposition to the condition. In conclusion, it would appear that there is consensus of agreement that high blood pressure is a major world health problem and that monitoring is essential. However, there is still a lot to be done in terms of education about lifestyle and adoption of values that underpin this, for example encouragement of healthier lifestyles and for the food industry to take take responsibility for a reduction in salt in manufactured foods. There is further a growing body of agreement that ambulatory blood pressure monitoring is the most effective in terms of diagnosis and as such the higher costs are justified. In addition, questions remain regarding how to identify those with pre existing or inherent predisposition to cardiovascular disease who may not have high blood pressure. References Gill. S, Kristensen. SD. (08/02/2011). High blood pressure (hypertension). Available: http://www.netdoctor.co.uk/diseases/facts/hypertension.htm#ixzz3QISs6hUI. Last accessed 30/01/15. Blood pressure association . (2008). What high blood pressure (hypertension) can do. Available: http://www.bloodpressureuk.org/BloodPressureandyou/Yourbody. Last accessed 30/01/15. Blood pressure association . (2008). Blood pressure chart. Available: http://www.bloodpressureuk.org/BloodPressureandyou/Thebasics/Bloodpressurechart. Last accessed 30/01/15. NHS Choices. (21/07/2014). What is blood pressure?. Available: http://www.nhs.uk/chq/Pages/what-is-blood-pressure.aspx. Last accessed 30/01/15. NHS Choices. (04/07/2014). High blood pressure (hypertension). Available: http://www.nhs.uk/conditions/Blood-pressure-(high)/Pages/Introduction.aspx. Last accessed 30/01/15. NHS Choices. (04/07/2014). High blood pressure (hypertension) Symptoms. Available: http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/Blood-pressure-(high)/Pages/Symptoms.aspx. Last accessed 30/01/15. NHS Choices. (24/08/2011). High blood pressure to be tested at home. Available: http://www.nhs.uk/news/2011/08august/pages/high-blood-pressure-test-home.aspx. Last accessed 30/01/15. Pickering. TG, James. GD, Boddies. C, Harshfield. GA, Blank. S, Laragh. JH.. (1988). How common is white coat hypertension?. National Institute of Health. 259 (2), 225-8. McManus. R, Jowett. S, Barton. P, Hodgkinson. J, Mant. J, Martin. U, Heneghan. C, Hobbs. R.. (2011). Cost-effectiveness analysis – blood pressure monitoring for confirming a diagnosis of hypertension. Hypertension. 1 (1), 446. Staessen. JA, Byttebier. G, Buntinx. F, Celis. H, OBrien. ET, Fagard. R.. (1997). Antihypertensive treatment based on conventional or ambulatory blood pressure measurement. A randomized controlled trial. Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring and Treatment of Hypertension Investigato. National Institute of Health. 278 (13), 1065-72. Law. M, Wald. N, Morris. J.. (2003). Lowering blood pressure to prevent myocardial infarction and stroke: a new preventive strategy. Health Technology Assessment NHS RD HTA Programme. 7 (31), 3. Honigsbaum. M.. (2012). Home truths about high blood pressure. Available: http://www.theguardian.com/society/2012/jan/08/high-blood-pressure-mark-honigsbaum. Last accessed 30/01/15. Fullick. A (2008). Edexcel AS Biology. Essex: Pearson Eduction limited. 18-33. Public Health England. (2014). Tackling high blood pressure from evidence into action. Available: https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/375985/20141018_Tackling_high_blood_pressure_-_FINAL_INCL_LINK_CHANGES.pdf. Last accessed 30/01/15. 1

The Basic Elements of Jane Austens Pride and Prejudice Essay -- Jane

The most important things about a novel are more than one. Which can be Plot, Themes, Conflicts, Settings, Mood etc. Pride and Prejudice is a very complicated but simple play and for a new learner of Jane Austen's this work, one should have to know the basics of this novel. Under are discussed the same basics for the help of the new readers. BACKGROUND INFORMATION - BIOGRAPHY Jane Austen was born in 1775 at Steventon, Hampshire in southern England, where her father was a minister. She was the sixth child in a family of seven children. The family was very close, and Jane had a particular closeness to her sister Cassandra. Although she attended boarding school for a short while, she was mostly educated at home. Both she and Cassandra were attractive and attended country parties, neither of them married, although Jane had several proposals. Much of JaneÂ’s life is captured in the letters that she wrote to her sister, but Cassandra cut out any references there might have been about JaneÂ’s intimate, private life and her innermost thoughts. In spite of the missing information, the letters retain flashes of sharp wit and occasional coarseness. Jane began to write at a young age. Pride and Prejudice, her most popular novel, was the first to be written, although not the first published. She wrote on it for several years and finally completed it as First Impressions in 1797. It, however, was not accepted for publication until 1813, when it appeared with its current version with its new title. As a result, Sense and Sensibility was published first, in 1811. Her other four novels, Mansfield Park, Emma, Northanger Abbey, and Persuasion were all published between 1814 and 1818. She also wrote six minor works and one unfinished novel. B... ...indiscreet mother, WickhamÂ’s false accounts of him, and ElizabethÂ’s own prejudice against him. Elizabeth finds him exceedingly proud and at first strongly dislikes him. Climax A high point in the rising action is LydiaÂ’s elopement, for it threatens to thwart the relationship between Darcy and Elizabeth, but, on the contrary, it gives Darcy an opportunity to prove his love for Elizabeth by using his influence to get Wickham to marry Lydia. In turn, Elizabeth realizes the true worth of Darcy. When Darcy proposes to her a second time, he has lost his pride and she has given up her prejudice. The climax occurs when she eagerly accepts his proposal. Outcome This plot ends in comedy for Darcy accomplishes his goal, winning the love of Elizabeth and her hand in marriage. I hope these all will be more than helpful to the new readers of Pride and Prejudice.

Review Answers On Contemporary Drama Essay

With the many plays present and available, the tile of this particular contemporary play caught me since it was very unusual, and I wanted to know whether it was alluding to a deeper metaphorical meaning or just a play with a different contextual meaning—like a satire of some sort as to what George Orwell did in Animal Farm. Moreover, the title seems intriguing—this is brought on by the visual impact of the Dead Rats since it is both gory and gruesome. 2) Review the playwright’s literary elements: a. Provide a plot summary. The summary of the play is unusual since it itself does not seem to follow a normal plot pattern or any plot at all. The play instead is in the format of a â€Å"stream of consciousness† wherein there is a jumping of characters, themes, and motif. Just as the plot was making sense or beginning to make a point, it shifts to different characters and stories. But I believe that that is mainly the point or summary of the plot—the voices or the many characters in the mind of a person which shifts immediately and suddenly without warning. There seem to be so many characters, but they have no common factor, and yet they are connected somehow. b. Identify the genre. How do you know? It is hard to identify the genre of the play, but it can be considered as a psychological contemporary play. This is for the reason that the play seems to happen inside the mind and yet not entirely in it. There are allusions of the psychological treatment from the very start of the play—from the voices which the man is hearing to the presence of Dr. Green or School Master Green who is treating a patient by the name of Mary or Marie with multiple personalities or multiple interpretations of reality and fantasy. The entire play itself is confusing since it keeps shifting and turning with the characters and the mention of either the mentally disturbed or the dead. c. What is the theme? The theme is most exemplified at the end of the play wherein the dead character by the name of Ann tells the audience that â€Å"she continues†: Everything continues, and I will continue. I can see right through your silence, right through into your mind, deep inside behind your face, way back, where you really think, and I know just how hard it is, how hard the pain hits you, but look at me, hear me. I continue. After the lights go down, I continue. (Knag, 2009, n. p. ) The whole play is about the inner realms of thinking and of the mind; that is to say, just because someone is dead or not there anymore does not mean they cease to exist—because everyone continues. d. Is there spectacle present in the play? If so, how did it affect your reading of the play? There are a lot of spectacles present in the play, like the outbursts of the emotions of the characters or the killing of the Little Waif character also known as Marie or Mary. These so-called spectacles made me more interested with the play and made me want to find out what is happening and what was going on. 3) If you could change any part of the plot in your selected play, what would you amend? I think the author, Paul Knag, already did a fine job with the play. Even if the play is very confusing, startling, and gruesome, it was very well-written and intriguing to the point that the reader is made breathless with the drama and action going on. However, there are some points which I would want to change. For instance, it seems that are too many scene changes and props needed. The practicality of producing such contemporary play should be considered since the play itself is quite simple. Hence, there is no need for theatrical displays of props and settings since in my opinion, the psychological beauty and seriousness of the play can still come out if there are simpler props and settings included. For example, instead of traveling from one place to another to determine the shift from train station to the actual destination, there can be a play with light, darkness, and space as to pertain to the shift. Reference